Tea Tree Essential Oil (Minyak pohon teh)

By Brenda Hyde

Tea Tree essential oil is an amazing oil that comes from the tea-tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), a small tree which grows in Australia. The oil is distilled from its leaves. It's nontoxic, antibacterial and antifungal. Tea tree oil has a rather heavy spicy woodsy scent. Essential oils are the "essence" or the concentrated oils from plants, flowers and herbs. They should be treated as seriously as you treat your prescription meds. Keep them away from children, use them carefully and with caution. I'm not saying these things to scare you away from their use! It's always better to be cautious when it comes to the medicinal use of anything herbal. You'll find SO much information online involving essential oils that it's hard to know what is correct. I never use essential oils internally, and always use a tiny amount when first trying a new oil. Essential oils should be diluted with water, lotions, shampoo, oils like almond or olive oil etc. Take it slow, and don't use guesswork at any time. Always ask questions, do research and be cautious.

Tea Tree oil can be used with lavender and eucalyptus oils in diffusers or sprays. You won't need much-1-3 drops in a vaporizer will help respiratory ailments. You can mix 10 drops of lavender, eucalyptus and rosemary, along with the tea tree oil into a dark glass bottle and use this. Again, you only need a couple of DROPS added to a vaporizer, or a cotton ball tucked in a pillow case. Essential oils are powerful!

Lavender is also one of my favorite oils and can be used often with tea tree oil. Try adding 5 drops of each to a couple of tablespoons of baking powder (mix well as you add the drops) and sprinkle it in your shoes-allow it to sit overnight and empty it out the next day before wearing. This will keep your shoes fresh and help rid them of any lurking bacteria. You can also add two drops of tea tree and two drops of lavender to 2 cups water to rinse injuries like skinned knees and other minor cuts. You'll find tea tree and lavender oils here.


VISITORS TIPS ON TEA TREE OIL

I have found something wonderful. Tea Tree Oil! This has been around for some time now, however, I found a small bottle at Wal-Mart, which is 100% pure, for under $5.00! Although my family cries every time I use it, I find it to be extremely relaxing. I think it's one of those things you either love or hate. To me it has a menthol smell, my family says it smells like turpentine. I use it on my face, under my nose (for aromatherapy) on any bug bites, rashes, or cuts. I use it for just about anything. I love it and maybe some of your readers will also enjoy using it. ~Laura Askins

I was interested to see your reference to Tee Tree Oil. I never heard of it until my doctor (MD) recommended it for Toenail Fungus a couple years ago. You apply it once or twice a day and it works in about two weeks--more or less. There is a drug made for the fungus problem but as my doctor said it is very expensive. And it seems that Tea Tree Oil works just as well. And speaking about its "smell," I can't use it at night because my wife can't stand the smell! ~Paul Reibel (Thanks Paul---it IS great for feet fungus!)

There is also a shampoo made by Paul Mitchell that is Tea Tree Shampoo. My hairdresser told me that it's good for the kids to use during the school year because it seems to repel head lice. So far, it's worked for my children. It's a little expensive, but cheaper than the process of getting rid of the lice, not to mention the embarrassment of the child. ~Geri Huygen

Just letting people know who have children that tea tree oil added to a standard shampoo will keep head lice away. I have used it on my son and went through two bad cases at school and not once did he get it. ~Stephanie (Stephanie read about this in a book which recommended 12 drops of oil to every 8 ounces of shampoo.)

Tea Tree Oil should not be used without dilution! Most aromatherapists, and others in the realm of essential oils will not tell you this. However, using ANY essential oil undiluted, can increase the risk of becoming sensitized (or allergic) to this product. I am currently studying plants, essential oils, and aromatherapy, and thought you might want to advise your readers of this. I would hate to see anyone become sensitized to any essential oil. God gave us some wonderful healing herbs, plants and other things. However, man learned to distill and concentrate these oils from the plants. :) ~Candy Lucas

Green Tea Essential Oil (Minyak Green Tea)

History of Green Tea
Green tea has been consumed in Asian countries such as India, China, Japan and Thailand for almost 5,000 years. It has been used as a stimulant, an astringent, a diuretic, and also to treat flatulence, to regulate body temperature and blood sugar, to promote digestion, and to improve mental and heart health.

Biological Classification and Identification
Green tea belongs to the genus Camellia Sinensis of the Theaceae family. The green tea plant is a large shrub with white flowers. Green tea is produced by rapidly drying the leaves of the plant. If the same leaves are fermented and then dried, the product obtained is black tea. Oolong tea, the third variety, is obtained by only partially fermenting the leaves before drying them.

Extraction of Oil
There are several processes that are employed to extract essential oil. The most common is the method of steam distillation. In this method, the leaves are placed in a plant chamber and pressurized steam is circulated through the chamber. This releases the essential oil. The vaporized oil along with the steam then passes through a tube to a condensation chamber. Here, the condensed oil forms a film over the condensed steam. The oil is then decanted. The leaves of the green tea plant, however, yield very little oil, and tea seed oil is therefore extracted from the seeds of the plant.

The method used to extract the green tea essential oil from the seeds is called cold-pressing. The seeds are first air dried and then pressed in an oil press. The golden colored oil that is released is then processed to make it suitable for use.

Enfleurage, solvent extraction, turbo distillation, carbon-dioxide extraction and hydro diffusion extraction are other methods used to extract essential oils from plant material.

Properties
Green tea essential oil has many useful properties that make it beneficial. It is an astringent; this means it has the property to constrict and shrink body tissue. It is an antioxidant; this means it neutralizes free radicals in the body. Free radicals occur naturally in the body, but are also produced by exposure to ultraviolet rays, radiation, cigarette smoke and air pollution. They are responsible for cell and DNA damage. Tea seed oil has anti-inflammatory properties. It also has anti-aging properties as it inhibits the breakdown of collagen that is responsible for keeping the skin firm and elastic.

Therapeutic Benefits (Manfaat terapi Green tea)
Green tea essential oil, and green tea leaves are widely used because of their beneficial properties. Green tea oil is used in the cosmetics industry to manufacture creams, soaps, shampoos, hair conditioners, lotions, perfumes and massage oils, because of its anti-aging, anti-inflammatory and astringent properties.

It is used as a therapeutic oil in aromatherapy. Five drops of tea seed oil mixed in 10 ml of carrier oil can be added to a warm bath to relax the muscles. Six drops can be added to water and used in a tea light oil burner or electric oil diffuser to create a soothing environment. Green tea essential oil is also used to make candles and potpourri.

Health Benefits of Green tea (Manfaat kesehatan green tea)
Green tea essential oil is also suitable for consumption, and can be used in cooking. Green tea leaves can be infused in boiling water and sipped.
Green tea is believed to reduce the severity of an asthma attack by relaxing the muscles that support the bronchial tubes.
The polyphenols in green tea neutralize harmful free radicals and are regarded to be 200 times stronger than Vitamin E. They are believed to possess properties that protect against cancer. Green tea is rich in Vitamins A, B, and E.
Green tea is used as an alternative medicine to treat dyssentry, gastroentritis, and hepatitis. It is believed to lower LDL or bad cholesterol and raise HDL or good cholesterol. Green tea is believed to protect the liver. It is also believed to benefit diabetic patients. Moreover, green tea protects the teeth and enamel by preventing plaque formation. It is also believed to fight the flu virus.
Green tea inhibits the breakdown of collagen and hence keeps wrinkles at bay.

Warnings
Green tea essential oil can interfere with blood thinning medication, and should therefore be consumed under a physician's guidance.
It can interfere with the absorption of other medicines and should therefore not be consumed along with these.
Application and consumption of green tea essential oil is not recommended for women who are pregnant or are nursing.

Health Benefits of Sandal Wood Essential Oil

Manfaat kesehatan dan kegunaan dari minyak kayu cendana

Health Benefits of SandalWood Essential Oil

The health benefits of Sandal Wood Essential Oil can be attributed to its properties like anti septic, anti inflammatory, anti phlogistic, anti spasmodic, astringent, cicatrisant, carminative, diuretic, disinfectant, emollient, expectorant, hypotensive, memory booster, sedative and tonic.

The Essential Oil of Sandal Wood is extracted through steam distillation of pieces of wood from matured Sandal trees which are 40-80 years old (ideally it should be 80 years). The older the tree, the more is the oil content and richer it is in aroma. As far as the quality is concerned, the Indian Sandal (botanical name Santalum Album) is considered the best. There are two more varieties, namely the Hawaiian Sandal (Santalum Ellipticum), which is also priced as that of high quality, and the Australian Sandal (Santalum Spicatum) which is not that good, but is commercially more in use, since the first two varieties are not much available and hence very costly (the Indian variety is on the verge of extinction and is exorbitantly costly. The main constituents of Essential Oil of Sandal are Beta Santalol, Santyl Acetate and Santalenes.

For ages, Sandal has reserved as place of dignity and priority in many civilizations and religions of the world, especially in Hindu Religion, where it is considered holy and indispensable in all the social and religious rituals and ceremonies, right from the birth of an individual till his death. In every step, sandal is required. It is offered to the Gods and Goddesses, used in decorating babies in their anniversaries, used in marriages to decorate brides and bridegrooms, mixed with the flowers and other offerings, used to embalm bodies and foreheads which is a common practice among people of many communities in India and also burnt with the pyre while cremating dead-bodies.

Sandal Oil and paste of Sandal is used in medicines, skin and beauty treatments and numerous industrial products including mouth fresheners, edibles, incense sticks, room fresheners, deodorants, perfumes, soaps, lotions, creams and others. It has some really remarkable medicinal properties.

We shall see what those are.

* Anti Septic: Essential Oil of Sandal Wood is very good as an anti septic. It is safe for both internal and external applications. It ingested, it helps protect internal wounds and ulcers from infections. Similarly, when applied on skin, it protects wounds, sores, boils, pimples etc. from infections and from getting septic.
* Anti Inflammatory: Both Sandal Wood paste and its essential oil are very effective as anti inflammatory agents. They have a nice cooling effect and gives relief from all types of inflammations in brain, digestive system, nervous system, circulatory system, excretory system etc. resulting from infections, fever, side effects of antibiotics, poisoning, insect bites, wounds etc. Sandal Wood Essential Oil is particularly beneficial in case of nervous and circulatory inflammations.
* Anti Phlogistic: Just as it has been discussed above, Sandal Wood Oil has Anti Phlogistic properties and gives relief from inflammations resulting from fever and viral infections.
* Anti Spasmodic: Being a relaxant and sedative in nature, this oil works great against spasm too. It relaxes nerves, muscles and blood vessels and hence ends spasm or contraction. Thus it is helpful in treating problems associated with spasm, such as cramps, aches, coughs etc.
* Astringent: Although very mild, still this oil has some astringent properties which induce contraction in gums, muscles and skin. This proves beneficial in terms of strengthening hold of gums on teeth, strengthening of muscles, tightening of skin etc.
* Cicatrisant: The essential oil of Sandal Wood soothes skin and helps fading away of scars, spots etc. It has been an old practice to use paste of sandal wood as a skin pack. The same effect can be obtained from this essential oil. This oil is now extensively used in skin-care soaps, lotions and creams.
* Carminative: The Essential Oil of Sandal Wood, being relaxant in nature, induces relaxation in the intestines and abdominal muscles, thereby facilitating removal of gases. It does not also let gases form.
* Diuretic: Due to its relaxing and anti inflammatory nature, it soothes inflammations in the urinary system and induces relaxation in it, thereby promoting easy passage of urine. It also increases frequency and quantity of urination. This helps a lot treating the infections and inflammations in the urinary system.
* Disinfectant: It is the disinfectant property of Sandal Wood Essential Oil that justifies it’s such a wide use in the religious ceremonies and cosmetics. Its fragrance keeps away microbes and small insects and that is why it is extensively used in incense sticks, sprays, fumigants and evaporators to disinfect the whole surrounding. Moreover, this oil can be mixed with bathing water or other lotions or oils to apply on skin and wounds and ensure their protection from infections. This oil can also be safely taken with milk to cure internal infections, such as those in throat, oesophagus, stomach, intestines, excretory tracts etc.
* Emollient: Sandal Oil soothes skin, relieves it from inflammations and irritations, cures infections on it and keeps it fresh and cool.
* Expectorant: Sandal Wood Essential Oil behaves as an expectorant and is particularly effective in treating coughs. It also fights viral infection which causes cough & cold, flu, mumps etc.
* Hypotensive: This is a very useful property of Sandal Wood Essential Oil. It can be taken with milk or even water to reduce blood pressure in patients suffering from high blood pressure. The paste of Sandal Wood has the same effect.
* Memory Booster: It improves memory and induces concentration. It keeps the brain cool and relaxed and saves from undue stress and anxiety.
* Sedative: This oil sedates inflammations, anxiety, fear, stress, restlessness etc. and induces relaxation, calmness, concentration, inner vision, positive thoughts etc.
* Tonic: This oil can be very good health tonic for all, especially for growing children. It can be safely given to them. Since it is soothing on stomach and digestive system, circulatory system and nervous system, it helps these system function in harmony and without any
* Other Benefits: Deodorant,

Few Words of Caution: No threats found, except that it is recommended not to be used raw on skin. For applying on skin, it should be mixed with carrier oil.

Blending: Bergamot, Black pepper, Geranium, Lavender, Myrrh, Rose, Vetiver and Ylang-Ylang.

This article was contributed by Aparup Mukherjee

Sandalwood Oils (Minyak kayu cendana)

Penjelasan mengenai minyak kayu cendana atau Sandalwood Essential Oil

Introduction: Sandalwood oil is perhaps best known in the west as a sweet, warm, rich and woody essential oil used as is for a body fragrance, and as an ingredient in fragrant products such as incense, perfumes, aftershaves and other cosmetics. But the story of sandalwood, the divine essence, goes much further. Sandalwood has been a part of the religious and spiritual traditions of India since prehistory and has been effectively used in traditional medicine for thousands of years.

Sandalwood oil is in high demand today and the resource is dwindling. This has lead to several unfavorable results: 1) sandalwood oil is one of the most-often adulterated essential oils; 2) the cost of sandalwood oil is rising dramatically (about 25% per year); 3) due to the value of sandalwood oil, the trees are being illegally cut, leading to the waste of this precious resource as trees that are too young are cut, or trees are cut but the roots are left to rot (the roots are the most valuable part of the tree from which to extract the oil). Additionally, this illegal poaching has lead to several murders of forestry officials and other crimes indicative of the black market; 4) the resource is becoming scarce. The current production of sandalwood trees is not enough to meet the demand of consumers. The trees are difficult to propagate and must grow for at least 30 years to become suitable for harvesting. The forestry departments in India are regulating the amount of material that is cut and sold, but there are many demands for other use of the land – for example, cattle grazing, the need for wood to keep people employed, etc.

The situation regarding sandalwood trees is getting worse and this divine wood and the oil from it are becoming more and more precious. In the west, we need to look for ways to responsively use this resource and to reduce our dependence on it. We should be looking for substitute oils, using less in our formulas, and regarding sandalwood oil as something very rare to be used on special occasions.

The Sandalwood Tree: Sandalwood products are obtained from the sandalwood tree (Santalum album), which is a member of the Santalaceae family. It is known as white sandalwood, Mysore sandalwood, East Indian sandalwood, sandal, Chandan (Hindi), and tan xiang (Mandarin). The white sandalwood is an evergreen tree which grows to 50 feet and naturally occurs in Eastern India in the states of Mysore, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karnatika. It grows in dry and rocky environments and reproduces by suckers and by seeds. The environmental conditions required by this tree are rather strict and not completely understood. Due to a combination of the environmental requirements and the necessity of living off a host plant, Sandalwood is not easy to propagate. Even so, it has long been cultivated in other Southeast Asian locations, including Indonesia where some good quality Sandalwood essential oil is produced.

Sandalwood is a parasitic tree and obtains nutrients from several other plant species. While there are other species of sandalwood, including red sandalwood, Australian sandalwood (S. spicatum) and New Caledonian Sandalwood (S. austrocaledonicum), these are quite different from true Santalum album and have very different properties and fragrances. There is another tree that yields an essential oil which is sometimes called West Indian sandalwood or amyris (Amyris balsamifera) – it is from Haiti and other islands in the West Indies and is not related to true sandalwood. It is, however, sometimes used as a sandalwood substitute, especially in products such as sandalwood soap, where using the true sandalwood would be too expensive.

Extraction Methods: The heartwood is the most precious part of the Sandalwood tree, and the best heartwood comes from the roots. Sapwood yields a lower quality oil. Older trees have more heartwood, and so are more highly prized. For each extraction method, the quality of the final sandalwood oil will depend upon the quality of the wood, the length of distillation time, and the experience of the distiller. These days, Sandalwood essential oil is extracted primarily by steam distillation, a process in which super heated steam is passed through the powdered wood. The steam helps to release and carry away the essential oil that is locked in the cellular structure of the wood. The steam is then cooled and the result is sandalwood hydrosol and sandalwood essential oil. Please click here for more information or to purchase Sandalwood Essential Oil.

Hydro-distillation is the traditional method of extraction. It is fairly rare these days, yet it is said that this method yields an oil with a superior aroma. Instead of having steam pass through the powdered wood, in a hydro-distiller the powder is allowed to soak in water. A fire from below the vessel heats the water and carries off the steam which is allowed to cool. The Sandalwood oil is then removed from the top of the hydrosol.

The CO2 extraction method is a new technique for extracting essential oils (and other constituents) from plant materials. It does not use water or steam. Instead CO2 (carbon dioxide) is used as a solvent. The CO2 is used under high pressure in which it exhibits a likeness to both a gas and a liquid (called a supercritical state) (click here for more information of CO2 extraction). These qualities allow the aromatic constituents of Sandalwood to be extracted without heat. The CO2 is then removed from the resulting extract which is then refined and filtered. The oil produced from this method has a different look and feel, as well as an odor profile different from Sandalwood oil obtained by steam or hydro-distillation.

CO2 extracted Sandalwood oil is more viscous and darker in color (it is a beautiful golden color) than steam distilled Sandalwood oil. CO2 extracted Sandalwood oil is also more resinous and is deeper in the woody aroma characteristics. It is not as sweet smelling as the steamed distilled oil and is slightly less spicy.

What causes the difference in the aroma of CO2 Sandalwood and steamed distilled Sandalwood oil is primarily due to the heat that is generated in steam distillation. The application of heat creates chemical changes in the aromatic constituents. This means that some of the original aromatic chemicals found in the wood are altered and in some cases are changed to new and different aromatic chemicals. This is why most essential oils smell different than the original plant material. CO2 extracts generally smell more like the original plant material because the aromatic chemicals found in the essential oil are not changed, as they are when they are distilled using heat. Please click here for more information or to purchase Sandalwood CO2 Extract.

This does not mean that Sandalwood CO2 extract is better than steam distilled Sandalwood essential oil. The two are different, and the difference is based on the nature of the chemicals which make up the oils. The CO2 extract aromas are closer to the aromas of the original plant materials. And this usually means that we like them far better than steamed distilled essential oils. However with Sandalwood, since both types of oils are so very different, and even though we have always loved steamed distilled sandalwood essential oil, we personally love and use both types of Sandalwood oil. One aspect of CO2 Sandalwood oil that we are excited about is the fact that it has a very strong and deep aroma. We find that we can use less of it a formula and still get the beautiful qualities of Sandalwood aroma. This is one way to help preserve the Sandalwood trees as a precious resource.

Adulteration of Sandalwood Oil: Sandalwood oil is one of the most-often adulterated of oils. This is due to the high demand, the high price and the scarcity of the real product. Adulteration comes in many forms in the field of essential oils, such as dilution of a genuine essential oil with a cheap carrier oil or solvent, adding synthetic aroma chemicals to an essential oil, or reconstructing an oil with aroma chemicals (natural or synthetic). Dilution of an oil can be easily performed at any time by almost anyone from the distiller to the consumer. Adulteration and reconstruction of essential oils, however, is often done in the labs of the essential oil brokers. Some adulterations are easy to detect; on the other hand, adulteration performed by an expert with the right materials can be very difficult to detect.

Aromatherapy Use: Sandalwood oil has a long history of use as a traditional medicine. It is part of traditional medical systems such as Chinese medicine and the Indian healing science known as Ayurveda. It has been used in a wide variety of applications such as genital and urinary infections, digestive complaints, dry coughs, persistent coughs, throat irritations, laryngitis, nervous disorders, depression and anxiety. Sandalwood is used widely and effectively in skin care, being useful for dry, cracked and chapped skin, rashes and acne. It is suitable for all skin types and is non toxic.

Use in Perfumery: Sandalwood oil is used extensively in natural perfumery as a harmonizing agent, base note and fixative. It helps to bring together other oils and adds a graceful aroma without taking away or overpowering other oils. It is a base note that helps to hold the scent of other lighter oils that tend to dissipate quickly. Sandalwood is central to the making of traditional attars in India. These natural perfumes are made by distilling essential oils of rare and/or difficult to distill plants into pure Sandalwood oil. This method of distilling unique oils into Sandalwood oil produces wonderful natural perfumes containing the essences of both plants combined in an almost magical way.

Spiritual Use: Sandalwood is used in many different ways in the spiritual traditions of the East. It is considered beneficial for meditation and for calming and focusing the mind. It is used as incense in temples or on personal altars to remind us of the fragrant realms of the heavenly realms. Deities of various kinds are fashioned from Sandalwood, then installed in a shrine or temple or placed upon the home altar. When Sandalwood was more abundant, the wood was used to construct parts of temples. Meditation beads or malas are made with Sandalwood in which a mantra or a personal prayer is repeated as the beads roll through the fingers. Sandalwood paste is used in many rituals including fire ceremonies, and Sandalwood paste is also used to anoint the forehead as a blessing, as well as to make a design symbolic to particular religious sects.

The oil of Sandalwood is used to anoint deities. In this way the fragrance which is emitted over time also helps to remind one of the spiritual realms. Sandalwood oil is one of the best fragrant aids to meditation. A drop or two can be applied to the forehead, the temples or rubbed between the eyebrows before beginning. In this way, it helps to set the stage and prepare the mind to begin its inward journey.

Which Sandalwood Oil Should I Buy? As in all of life, buy the Sandalwood oil that you prefer. If you do not require pure and natural oils, are using the oil for its fragrance (versus for its healing qualities), and you like the aroma of an oil that has synthetic Sandalwood in it, buy it. The best way to conserve Sandalwood trees is to stop using true Sandalwood oil. Again, if you are using Sandalwood oil for its fragrance, but prefer a natural product, it may be fine if the oil has been diluted in a carrier oil such as jojoba oil. Alternatively, you can try New Caledonian or Australian Sandalwood or West Indian Sandalwood (Amyris). Each of these should be labeled correctly and should be lower in price than a pure (true) Sandalwood oil. While most people assume that the Mysore Sandalwood is the best quality, it is not necessarily so. Some Mysore oils are weak (and likely diluted), and some Sandalwood from other states in India or from Indonesia are very fine indeed! Our suggestion is to try out several oils for yourself. If you are purchasing over the internet, buy Sandalwood oil samples first and compare.

Sandalwood oil is rare and expensive and the price is going up rapidly as the Indian government places tighter regulations on its production and export. If you find a Sandalwood that you truly like, buy enough to last you, and then use it sparingly. The oil will improve with age (unlike some other essential oils which degrade with age), and you will likely never be able to replace it. If you are using Sandalwood oil in making formulas, we suggest that you try the Sandalwood CO2 extract as it does make a better use of the resource by efficiently extracting the Sandalwood oil, as well as allowing you to use less of this precious essence.
Sources of Information

Eden Botanicals is grateful to the following sources which were used in preparing this web page. Please refer to these sources for more information on Sandalwood Essential Oil.

Holmes, Peter. 2001 Clinical Aromatherapy - Essays and Essential Oil Profiles. Snow Lotus Press, Boulder Co.

Keville, Kathy & Mindy Green. 1995. Aromatherapy - A Complete Guide to the Healing Arts, The Crossing Press, Freedom, CA.

Lawless, Julia. 1995. Essential Oils - The Complete Guide to the Use of Oils in Aromatherapy and Herbalism. Element Books, Boston, MA.

McMahon, Christopher. Fall/Winter 2000. Sacred Sandalwood - The Divine Tree, in Aromatic Thymes.

McMahon, Christopher. 2002, 2003. personal communication.

Schnaubelt, Kurt. 1998. Advanced Aromatherapy, Healing Arts Press, Rochester, Vermont.

Eucalyptus oils (Minyak kayu putih)

Penjelasan mengenai minyak atsiri kayu putih atau Eucalyptus essential oil

Eucalyptus essential oil has the germicidal effects to ease pains in muscles, joints, helps coughs and kills bacteria in sickrooms.

The essential oil of eucalyptus is obtained from the leaves and the branches of the eucalyptus tree, Eucalyptus globulus', also known as the fever tree. A steam distillation process is used to extract the oil from the tree parts, and some 110 pounds of the plant material is required to produce about two pounds of oil. The medicinal properties of the oil were most likely first discovered by the Aborigines, the native inhabitants of Australia. (where the tree is originated from) They had used the oil as a remedy for skin problems and fevers. Modern herbalists rely on the oil to treat these conditions as well as colds and other respiratory ailments. The oil is a fine decongestant and has stong germicidal and antibacterial effects.

The principal active ingredient in eucalyptus oil is "eucalyptol" which has strong germicidal and disinfectant propterties. It also functions as a diuretic, lowers blood sugar and helps to relieve coughs and fevers. Eucalyptus oil is an effect analgesic and is often used in preparations designed to relieve muscle, nerve and joint pains. On a psychological level, it helps to combat exhaustion and dispels mental sluggishness.

For a sense of well being, a few drops of a blend of eucalyptus and massage oils have a cooling and stimulating effect on both mind and body. Just apply to pulse points. It also improves and detoxifies a sauna room, a place used for pyschological purposes besides beautification reasons. Place three drops of the oil in a ladleful of water and pour over the the hot stones.

For wounds and abscesses, the strong germicidal effects of the eucalyptus oil can help heal wounds, burns ulcers and insect bites or stings. Place a few drops of the essential oil on a dressing before covering the area with it. To suppress coughs, make a chest compress with the eucalyptus oils and a massage oil and it will help loosen phlegm and improve lung functions. Eucalyptus oil is also great for the use in a sickbed enviroment. Five drops of the oil in a diffuser will kill germs in the air and reduce the numbr of airborne bacteria.


For external uses:

To lower a fever with a eucalpytus calf wrap. Add five drops of eucalyptus essential oil to one quart of lukewarm water. Soak linen or cotton cloths in the mixture. Then wrap the cloths around your calves and secure with dry cloths. Calf wraps should be used only when the feet are already warm.

For dandruff, mix ten drops of eucalytus oil with your shampoo. Massage well into scalp and wait a few minutes before rinsing with warm water.

To alleviate cold symptoms, place a few drops of the eucalyptus oil on a handkerchief and deeply enhale the aroma when needed.

To relieve sinus and chest congestin, combine five drops of eucalyptus oil with one drop of peppermint oil. Add crushed eucalyptus, peppermint, coltsfoot and comfrey herbs. Mix them well and then stick into a clean cotton sock. Knot the end tightly and place inside your pillowcase overnight. The aroma of the herbs will help relieve congestion.

For muscle aches and pains, mix ten to fifteen drops of the eucalytus oil and two oz. of sweet almond (or grapeseed oil). Massage into muscles in a circular motion.

Take care with using too much of eucalpytus oil. It can potentially irratate the skin, so e sure to use the exact amount specified with recipes. Combing eucalytus oil with massage oil reduces the chance of irratation. Keep eucalyptus oil away from children under the age of six. Do not use on sun burn skin or wide open wounds.

Turpentine oils (Miyak Terpentin)

Penjelasan mengenai Minyak terpentin

Turpentine (also called spirit of turpentine, oil of turpentine, and wood turpentine) is a fluid obtained by the distillation of resin obtained from trees, mainly pine trees. It is composed of terpenes, mainly the monoterpenes alpha-pinene and beta-pinene. It is sometimes known colloquially as turps, but this more often refers to turpentine substitute (or mineral turpentine).

The word turpentine derives (via French and Latin) from the Greek word τερεβινθίνη terebinthine, the name of a species of tree, the terebinth tree, from whose sap the spirit was originally distilled.


Production

One of the earliest sources was the terebinth or turpentine tree (Pistacia terebinthus), a Mediterranean tree related to the pistachio.

Important pines for turpentine production include: Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster), Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis), Masson's Pine (Pinus massoniana), Sumatran Pine (Pinus merkusii), Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris), Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) and Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa).

Turpentine distilled from the California pines such as Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Gray Pine (Pinus sabiniana) yield a form of turpentine that is almost pure Heptane.[2]

When producing chemical wood pulp from pines or other coniferous trees with the Kraft process, turpentine is collected as a byproduct. Often it is burned at the mill for energy production. The average yield of crude turpentine is 5–10 kg/t pulp.[3]


Industrial and other end uses

1912 postcard depicting harvesting pine resin for the turpentine industry

The two primary uses of turpentine in industry are as a solvent and as a source of materials for organic synthesis.

As a solvent, turpentine is used for thinning oil-based paints, for producing varnishes, and as a raw material for the chemical industry. Its industrial use as a solvent in industrialized nations has largely been replaced by the much cheaper turpentine substitutes distilled from crude oil.

Canada balsam, also called Canada turpentine or balsam of fir, is a turpentine which is made from the resin of the balsam fir.

Venice turpentine is produced from the Western Larch Larix occidentalis.

Turpentine is also used as a source of raw materials in the synthesis of fragrant chemical compounds. Commercially used camphor, linalool, alpha-terpineol, and geraniol are all usually produced from alpha-pinene and beta-pinene, which are two of the chief chemical components of turpentine. These pinenes are separated and purified by distillation. The mixture of diterpenes and triterpenes that is left as residue after turpentine distillation is sold as rosin.

Turpentine is also added to many cleaning and sanitary products due to its antiseptic properties and its "clean scent".

In early 19th-century America, turpentine was sometimes burned in lamps as a cheap alternative to whale oil. It was most commonly used for outdoor lighting, due to its strong odor.[4] A blend of ethanol and turpentine added as an illuminant called burning fluid was also important for several decades.

Turpentine has long been used as a solvent, mixed with beeswax or with carnauba wax, to make fine furniture wax for use as a protective coating over oiled wood finishes (e.g., lemon oil).

In 1946, Soichiro Honda used turpentine as a fuel for the first Honda motorcycles as gasoline was almost totally unavailable following World War II.[5]

Health Benefits of Clove Oil

The health benefits of clove oil can be attributed to its antimicrobial, antifungal, antiseptic, antiviral, aphrodisiac and stimulating properties. The oil is used for treating a variety of health disorders including toothaches, indigestion, cough, asthma, headache, stress and blood impurities.

Clove is an evergreen tree, which produces a flower bud that has numerous medicinal properties. It is often referred as clove bud. Clove bud has a shaft and a head and hence it has the Latin name clavus meaning nail. Clove was extensively used in the ancient Indian and Chinese civilizations and it spread to other parts of the world, including Europe, during the seventh and eight centuries.

Clove is rich in minerals such as calcium, hydrochloric acid, iron, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and vitamin A and vitamin C. The health benefits of clove oil include the following:

* Dental Care: The most prominent use of clove oil is in dental care. The germicidal properties of the oil make it very effective for relieving dental pain, tooth ache, sore gums and mouth ulcers. Clove oil contains the compound eugenol, which has been used in dentistry since numerous years. Gargles with diluted clove oil help in easing the throat. The characteristic smell of clove oil helps removing bad breath. As a result, clove oil is added to numerous dental products and medications, including, mouth washes, and tooth pastes. Dentists also mix clove oil with zinc oxide and prepare a white filling material as a temporary alternative to root canal.
* Infections: Due to its antiseptic properties, clove oil is useful for wound, cuts, scabies, athlete’s foot, fungal infections, bruises, prickly heat, scabies, etc. It can also be used insect bites and stings. Clove oil is very strong in nature and hence should be used in diluted form. Further, it should not be used on sensitive skin.
* Skin Care: Clove oil is often recommended for skin care, especially to acne patients.
* Stress: Clove oil is aphrodisiac in nature and hence serves as an excellent stress reliever. It has a stimulating effect on the mind and removes mental exhaustion and fatigue. When taken internally, in appropriate amounts, it refreshes the mind. Clove oil also induces sleep and is helpful to insomnia patients. It is useful for treating mental problems such as loss of memory, depression and anxiety.
* Headache: Clove oil when mixed with salt, and applied on the forehead, gives a cooling effect and helps in getting relief from headache.
* Respiratory Problems: Clove oil has a cooling and anti inflammatory effect, and thereby clears the nasal passage. This expectorant is useful in various respiratory disorders including coughs, colds, bronchitis, asthma, sinusitis, and tuberculosis. Chewing a clove bud eases sore throats.
* Earache: A mixture of warm clove oil and sesame oil is a good remedy for earaches.
* Indigestion: Clove oil is effective in stomach related problems such as hiccups, indigestion, motion sickness, and flatulence. Hence, clove one of the important spices added in Indian dishes.
* Nausea: Clove oil is helpful in case of nausea and vomiting and is often used for pregnancy related vomiting.
* Blood Circulation: Clove oil is increases your body metabolism by increasing blood circulation and reducing body temperature.
* Blood Purification: Clove oil also helps in purifying the blood.
* Diabetes: Along with blood purification, clove oil also helps in controlling the blood sugar levels and hence is useful to diabetics.
* Immune System: Both clove and clove oil are useful for boosting the immune system. Its antiviral properties and ability to purify blood increases your resistance to diseases.
* Premature Ejaculation: Research has indicated that clove can be useful for treating premature ejaculation. Further research needs to be carried out to confirm these results.
* Cholera: It is believed that clove oil is useful for treating cholera.
* Sty: Clove and clove oil is a very effective home remedy for treating sty. Sty is an inflammation on the eyelash and is a very irritating condition. Sty is not only painful, but also causes difficulty in the proper functioning of the eye.

Other benefits of clove oil include the following:

* Cosmetics: Clove oil is often added in cosmetic creams and lotions. It is a good massage oil providing relief from pain and stress.
* Clove Cigarettes: Usage of clove in making cigarettes is a new trend all over the world. Traditionally, clove was added in cigarettes in Indonesia. Smokers (wrongly) feel that the numerous health benefits of clove would nullify the ill effects of smoking. Flavoring Agent: Along with its digestive properties, clove oil is added in food items due to its flavor. It is added in many Indian dishes, pickles, sauce, spice cakes, etc.
* Soaps: Due to the characteristic aroma, soothing effect and antiseptic properties, clove oil is added in making soaps.
* Perfumes: Clove oil is also used in making perfumes.

Many people believe that clove oil is useful in preventing and treating cancer. However, the American Cancer Society clearly mentions that there is no scientific evidence on the curative properties of clove oil. It is also claimed by many that clove oil is useful in treating viral hepatitis.

One should be careful while using clove oil. Clove oil is strong in nature and hence should be diluted before application.

Clove oil blends well with many essential oils including basil essential oil, rosemary essential oil, rose oil, cinnamon essential oil, grapefruit essential oil, lemon essential oil, nutmeg essential oil, peppermint essential oil, orange essential oil, lavender essential oil, geranium essential oil, etc.